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Figure A1.1 Frequency of the power of time-series to detect a 5% annual change with the current number of years with a significance level of 5%. Time-series starting before 2000 (left) and time-series starting after 2000 (right).
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Figure A1.2 Frequency of the number of years required in a time-series to detect a 5% annual change with 80% power and a significance level of 5%.
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Figure A1.3 Plot of p-values from the log-linear regression test versus p-values of Mann-Kendall trend test. Time-series with a significant non-linear trend component are excluded.
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Figure A4.1 Principal Components Analysis (PCA) for Alaskan seabird eggs collected between 1999 and 2010.
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Figure A4.2 Mean concentrations (and standard errors) for a range of contaminants in Alaskan murre (Uria spp.) eggs compared to the February–May Pacific Decadal Oscillation.
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Figure 2.1 Locations where long time-series monitoring of POPs in Arctic air and biota are conducted. For biota, the species monitored are also indicated.
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Figure 3.1 Overview of available biota time-series shown by animal group.
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Figure 4.1 Trends in air concentration of aldrin and endrin at Alert (Canada).
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Figure 4.2 Trends in air concentration of dieldrin at Alert (Canada) and Stórhöfði (Iceland).
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Figure 4.3 Trends in air concentration of dieldrin at the Villum Research Station (Greenland).
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Figure 4.4 Trends in air concentration of chlordanes and nonachlors (see next page) at Arctic air monitoring sites.
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Figure 4.5 Seasonal cycles of cis-chlordane and cis-nonachlor in air at the Villum Research Station (Greenland).
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Figure 4.6 Overview of trend results for ΣCHL, trans-nonachlor and oxychlordane for time-series starting before 2000 and after 2000.
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Figure 4.7 Trends in the ratio of oxychlordane to ΣCHL in selected Arctic long time-series.
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Figure 4.8 Trends in air concentration of o,p’-DDTs at Arctic air monitoring sites.
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Figure 4.9 Trends in air concentration of p,p’-DDTs at Arctic air monitoring sites.
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Figure 4.10 Trends in the ratio DDE to Σp,p’-DDTs in selected long time-series.
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Figure 4.11 Overview of trend results for ΣDDT and p,p’-DDE for time-series starting before and after year 2000.
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Figure 4.12 Trend in DDE concentrations in pike from Storvindeln (Sweden).
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Figure 4.13 Geographical distribution of annual changes in ΣDDT in all time-series (upper) and in time-series starting at or after 2000 (lower)(larger symbols represent trends that are statistically significant or where statistical power was ‘adequate’).
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Figure 4.14 Trends in air concentration of heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide at Alert (Canada).
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Figure 4.15 Trends in air concentration of HCB at three Arctic air monitoring sites.
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Figure 4.16 Seasonal cycle in HCB air concentration at the Villum Research Station (Greenland).
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Figure 4.17 Overview of trend results for HCB in biota for time-series starting before and after 2000.
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Figure 4.18 Trends in air concentration of α-HCH and γ-HCH at Arctic air monitoring sites.
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Figure 4.19 Seasonal cycles of α-HCH, β-HCH and γ-HCH in air at the Villum Research Station (Greenland).
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Figure 4.20 Temporal trend of β-HCH in air at Alert (Canada) and Stórhöfði (Iceland). For Alert, when concentrations were below detection limits, the values are replaced with 2/3 instrument detection limit (IDL).
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Figure 4.21 Overview of trend results for α-HCH, β-HCH and γ-HCH in biota for time-series starting before and after 2000.
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Figure 4.22 Percentage annual change for time-series starting before 2000 including all species for α-HCH, β-HCH and γ-HCH by longitude.
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Figure 4.23 Annual decrease and annual increase in α-HCH and β-HCH in seal populations by longitude and latitude. The size of the circle represents the magnitude of the annual change.
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Figure 4.24 Trends in air concentration of PCB congeners CB28, CB52, CB101, CB118, CB138, CB153 and CB180 at Arctic air monitoring sites.
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Figure 4.25 Overview of trend results for ΣPCB10 and CB153 for time-series starting before and after 2000.
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Figure 4.26 Trends in ΣPCB10 in juvenile polar bears from eastern Greenland.
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Figure 4.27 Geographical distribution of annual changes of ΣPCB10 (upper) and CB153 (lower) in all time-series (left) and time-series since 2000 (right).Larger symbols represent trends that are statistically significant or where statistical power was ‘adequate’.
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Figure 4.28 Annual decrease and annual increase in PCBs in seals and freshwater fish by latitude and longitude. The size of circle represents the magnitude of the annual change.
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Figure 4.29 Trends in air concentration of toxaphene Parlar (26 + 50) at Stórhöfði (Iceland).
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Figure 4.30 Overview of trend results for time-series of toxaphene Parlar 26 and Parlar 50 starting before and after 2000.
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Figure 4.31 Trends in air concentration of α-endosulfan at Alert (Canada) and Pallas (Finland).
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Figure 4.32 Trends in air concentration of PBDEs at Arctic air monitoring sites.
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Figure 4.33 Overview of trend results for BDE47 time-series starting before and after 2000.
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Figure 4.34 Trends in air concentration of HBCDDs at Zeppelin (Svalbard).
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Figure 4.35 Trends in air concentration of total HBCDD at Alert (Canada) and Zeppelin (Svalbard).
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Figure 4.36 Overview of trend results for HBCDD time-series starting before and after 2000.
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Figure 4.37 Trends in air concentration of PFOS and PFOA (particle phase only) at Zeppelin (Svalbard).
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Figure 4.38 Trends in air concentration of 8:2 and 10:2 FTOH and MeFOSE and EtFOSE at Alert (Canada).
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Figure 4.39 Trends of PFOS concentration in ringed seals from western and eastern Greenland and polar bears from eastern Greenland (updated from Rigét et al., 2013b).
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Figure 4.40 Overview of trend results for selected perfluorosulfonate and perfluorocarboxylate time-series starting before and after 2000.
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Figure 5.1 Summary of biota trends for different contaminants – results for time-series starting before 2000 where trend results were statistically significant and/or time-series were of ‘adequate’ power. The graphic shows the ranked mean ±SD (dark blue solid line), range (light blue dashed line); red marks indicate the mean for all runs.
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Figure 5.2 Comparison of (average) trends observed in air and biota time-series for selected POPs. The dashed line represents a one-to-one relationship. This graphic shows the mean and range of the results for all air stations with measurements for the chemical concerned and the mean and standard deviation of results for biota time series starting before, in or after 2000 (Annex A6.2).
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Figure 5.3 Examples of different patterns of change over time for ‘legacy POPs’ (as illustrated by ΣPCB11) and ‘new POPs’ (as illustrated by BDE47) in thick-billed murre eggs collected at Prince Leopold Island (Canada).
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